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''Libération'' (, popularly known as ''Libé'' (:li.be)), is a daily newspaper in France, founded in Paris by Jean-Paul Sartre and Serge July in 1973 in the wake of the protest movements of May 1968. For its first six or seven years it was a uniquely vibrant and pluralist publication and hugely influential. This was mainly due to its refusal to take paid advertising which meant there was no direct or indirect pressure from advertisers. It was paid for by sales on newsstalls and by subscriptions. Even classified adverts in the back pages (''Les Petits Annonces'') were free. These and the exciting content attracted people to buy it regularly. Another innovation was the "note de la claviste" (ndlc) a comment, often very witty or apt, inserted by the claviste—the typesetter. The cartoons were unique and often savage and side-splitting. It has been described as a far-left newspaper. It has also been described as merely open, critical, and pluralist. It went through a number of shifts during the 1980s and 1990s to take a less open, social democrat (centre-left) position. It was the first French daily to have a website. It had a circulation of about 101,000 in 2013.〔(OJD ) (French NGO responsible for surveying newspaper circulation).〕 Edouard de Rothschild's acquisition of a 37% capital interest in 2005 and editor Serge July's campaign for the "yes" vote in the referendum establishing a Constitution for Europe the same year alienated it from a number of its left-wing readers. Its editorial stance is currently centre-left. ==History== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Libération」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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